Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene, TP53 occur in more than 50% of human cancers. Mutant p53 proteins not only lose their tumour suppressive capacities, but also gain oncogenic functions, broadly referred to as gain ...

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes (rDNA) are arrayed in multiple tandem repeats on the 5 acrocentric chromosomes, and are transcribed by RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) which gives rise to the 47S pre-rRNA, the precursor of 18S, ...

The predictive and prognostic significance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been highlighted in various solid cancers in recent years, where TIL infiltration has become a landmark biomarker of survival outcomes ...

Despite recent advances in cancer detection, molecular classification and treatment modalities, the 5-year survival rate of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has not changed in 30 years. The unique genetic context created by ...

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell malignancy and often an incurable disease. Novel targeted therapeutics are poised to significantly change the natural history of this disease. The combination of ibrutinib and venetoclax ...

The p53 protein is a transcription factor and has been considered as a master tumour suppressor. TP53 gene is frequently mutated in human cancers (more than 50%). Mutation in p53 not only loses its tumour suppressive ...

The nucleolus is a multifunctional organelle known as the central hub for ribosome biogenesis. Now, it is widely accepted that nucleolus also serves non-canonical role as a stress sensor, responding to numerous internal ...

A prominent theme in malignant transformation is abnormal regulation of epigenetic processes that facilitate gene expression profiles underpinning malignant initiation and progression. The plasticity of the epigenome lends ...

Melanoma is an aggressive cancer with extremely unfavourable prognosis. Two main types of melanoma include cutaneous melanoma (CM) accounting for around 95% and uveal melanoma (UM) around 5%. In Australia, melanoma is in ...

The standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (T3-4 +/- N+) is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). However, this has been challenged recently with increasing interest ...