Anthropology reveals a rich diversity of human cultures, while also highlighting our commonalities. The discipline is a distorted mirror of this unity in diversity, however, so long as anthropologists from only a few, privileged cultures dominate the process of global knowledge construction. The World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA) was founded to address this. The WCAA provides a global platform for democratic participation in the spirit of a new ‘world anthropologies’ paradigm, which recognises that our understanding of other cultures is perspectivistic, and hence, to be fully understood, every culture needs to be contemplated from the multiple perspectives of all ‘anthropologies’.

Indonesia’s last regional conflict remains intractable. We are reminded of this by demonstrations and mass detentions in 2018 around the 1 December anniversary of Papua’s ‘Independence’ Day and the killing a day later of at least 16 construction workers in the central highlands district of Nduga with the military operations that followed. These events will be discussed further in the paper after a brief outline of the conflict in Papua.

Afterlives of Chinese Communism comprises essays from over fifty world- renowned scholars in the China field, from various disciplines and continents.

Afterlives of Chinese Communism comprises essays from over fifty world- renowned scholars in the China field, from various disciplines and continents.

With the global population projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, and in view of finite resource availability and resilience of the Earth system, current patterns of global development are not socially or environmentally sustainable. Solutions to address the underlying challenges are urgent and necessary, but to be effective they need to be accompanied by reductions in the total volume of consumption and production of goods and services. This determination is based on three compelling reasons. First, private consumption and its associated production are among the key drivers of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, especially among high-emitting industrialized economies. There is little evidence that decoupling of the economy from GHG emissions is occurring at anywhere near the scale and speed required. Second, investments in more sustainable infrastructure—including renewables—that are needed in coming decades will themselves require extensive amounts of energy, largely from fossil sources. This demand will expend a significant share of the global carbon budget established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and codified in the Paris Agreement. Finally, improving the standard of living of the world’s poor will appropriate another major portion of the available allowance.

World hunger is likely to increase under the now inevitable conditions of catastrophic climate change. The best strategy to counteract this is to adapt, primarily by increasing crop diversity, supporting small sustainable farms, relocating agricultural production in a timely manner and working towards an international food security pact for mutual aid. Secondly, we need to mitigate climate change by reducing emissions from land-use changes, such as deforestation, while protecting prime agricultural land from encroaching urban development. Priorities should apply so that agricultural land is used to produce food for direct human consumption rather than for animal feed, and healthy nutritious food rather than industrial crops (oil/, sugar) that compromise human health.

A comprehensive guide book on Indonesia’s response to climate change has not been available until now. The idea of producing such a guidebook was born from the realisation that all governments need to develop a coordinated and holistic approach now, as well as build strong partnerships with civil society and private sector actors. With the support of the Minister for Environment and Forestry, the honourable Ms. Siti Nurbaya Bakar, an editorial team was established, and numerous teams of authors with outstanding and complementary expertise created to represent major government divisions, research centres, NGOs and businesses in Indonesia that are prominently involved in shaping the national response to climate change.

Tampak jelas bahwa perubahan iklim merupakan tantangan global paling besar, paling urgen, multi-dimensi dan kompleks sehingga menuntut perubahan sosial yang radikal dan sistemik untuk mengatasinya. Sepanjang sejarah manusia modern di bumi belum pernah ada risiko dan ancaman yang begitu besar terhadap eksistensi, keberlanjutan dan peradaban manusia di bumi seperti sekarang ini. Seluruh cara hidup, pola pikir, etika, sikap dan perilaku kita terhadap alam; tindakan ekonomi seharihari hingga model pembangunan ekonomi yang kita gunakan, dan bahkan konsep kita tentang kesehatan dan kemajuan, perlu diperiksa ulang dari akar sampai ujung daun. Apabila kita tidak melakukan transformasi besar-besaran, maka gaya hidup yang berorientasi pada konsumsi, mekanistik, dan perusakan lingkungan hidup (ecocidal) yang diadopsi manusia atas nama modernitas dan kemajuan akan menghancurkan bumi dan penghuninya dalam waktu yang tidak lama lagi.

Planet bumi yang kita huni sekarang ini merupakan produk evolusi geologi yang membentang selama 4.500 juta tahun. Bumi baru dapat dihuni oleh makhluk hominid (bertulang punggung), mamalia, tumbuhan, dan hewan pada dua juta tahun lalu. Melalui ilmu biologi molekuler terungkap kemudian bahwa nenek moyang manusia (genus Homo) dengan penanda genetik (genetic marker) yang identik dengan manusia modern, telah hidup sejak 200.000 tahun silam. Namun hanya dalam 200 tahun terakhir—terhitung sejak Revolusi Industri—seluruh tatanan biosfer dan lansekap bumi manusia modern berubah drastis. Campur tangan manusia atau kekuatan antropogenik (anthropogenic forces) telah menggantikan kekuatan geologi (geological forces) yang telah berlangsung ribuan dan bahkan jutaan tahun sebelumnya. Meningkatnya temperatur global, kenaikan permukaan air laut, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, perairan laut dan sungai yang semakin tercemar, serta turunnya kelimpahan populasi spesies di darat dan di laut, menunjukkan hal ini.

Sebagai anggota United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Indonesia mengikuti Conference of the Parties (COP) untuk pertama kalinya pada Konperensi ke-2 (1996), di Geneva, Switzerland. Saat itu wakil Indonesia yang tercantum secara resmi dalam Provisional List of Participants yang diterbitkan oleh UNFCCC (tanggal 5 Juni 1996), hanya seorang saja, yakni (alm) Prof. Manuel B. De Rozari, seorang akademisi dari IPB. Sejak COP ke-3 di Jepang di saat mana lahir Protokol Kyoto, peran Indonesia berangsur meningkat, sehingga tatkala dilaksanakan COP ke-24 (2019) di Katowice, Polandia, delegasi Indonesia jumlahnya mencapai 189 orang. Mereka mewakili berbagai Kementerian/Lembaga dan Pemerintah Daerah, LSM, asosiasi, pengusaha; serta termasuk diantaranya Menko Maritim, Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan, dan Menteri Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/ Kepala BAPPENAS. Tidak hanya itu, Indonesia bahkan pernah menggoreskan prestasi bersejarah karena berhasil mendorong para pihak menyepakati Bali Road Map dalam COP ke-13 di Bali pada Tahun 2007.

Climate change poses a serious threat to agricultural production and food security in Indonesia. This threat arrives at a time when global, regional and national food security are already subject to other adverse trends, creating the potential for a perfect storm. In this chapter we look at existing challenges and the additional impact climate change will have. We then examine how the sector contributes to GHG emissions, how it could mitigate climate change by reducing its own emissions, and even help absorb some emissions from other sectors. Mitigation, however, will not be enough. The 21st century is very likely to witness 2-3C of global warming, even if all pledges to the Paris Agreement were honoured. We therefore also outline an adaptation strategy to make Indonesia’s agriculture more resilient and its food supply more secure. We conclude with a concise list of recommendations to policy makers.

This study examines how Germany is engaged in Indonesia through its cultural diplomacy‐oriented institutions in the elds of education, science, culture and media. While the focus is on current activities, the history and likely future trends of the bilateral relation‐ ship are also explored.