Retinal prostheses are a promising treatment for blindness caused by photoreceptor degeneration. Electrodes implanted in the retina deliver electrical stimuli in the form of current pulses that activate surviving neurons ...

Multichannel cochlear implants have been well accepted as an effective and safe treatment for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss through electrical stimulation of residual spiral ganglion neurons. However, speech ...

Pitch is the perceptual correlate of sound frequency and is important for using speech prosody, understanding tonal languages, and music appreciation. According to pitch perception theories, pitch is encoded by the place ...

Light is transformed into neural signals by the retina. Certain conditions, such as retinitis pigmentosa, can cause extensive degeneration of the outer retinal layers, resulting in profound vision impairment. Prosthetic ...

Neuropathic pain is a chronic health condition with a severe impact on the quality of life of affected patients. The condition is often difficult to manage and refractory to traditional pain treatment strategies such as ...