Antimicrobials have been widely using as a major resource to treat bacterial infections for almost a century. However, it is not unusual to see antimicrobial resistance emerges in a bacterial species due to natural selection ...

The central nervous system (CNS) constantly responds to changes in environmental stimuli by undergoing structural and functional modifications. Some stimuli induce persistent CNS changes which in turn underpin adaptive ...

Excitotoxicity is a primary pathological process directing neuronal cell death in both acute neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. It is initiated by ...

Early postnatal life is a critical stage of microbiota establishment and ENS development. While the initial postnatal stage from birth is fundamental for the development of the gut microbiota and ENS, weaning is another ...

Virtually all functions of the enteric nervous system (ENS) rely on synaptic transmission, which occurs at specialised sites referred to as synapses. Molecular mechanisms behind synaptic transmission at central synapses ...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness in infants, immunosuppressed adults and the elderly, is responsible for more deaths each year than influenza. Despite this, there are ...

Central to the capacity of many viruses to cause disease are their ability to subvert the host-cell’s innate antiviral immune defence, the interferon (IFN) response, through expression of IFN antagonist proteins. For ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major global health issue. Antiretroviral drugs improve life expectancy and significantly reduce the rate of viral transmission; however, we are far from finding a ...

Metal dyshomeostasis is an important neurodegenerative event that can affect the structure and function of proteins, such as tau. Tau binds metals including copper, iron and zinc, and may undergo conformational changes ...

Background: Pericardial adipose deposition occurs in ageing and obesity, and independently contributes to the development of atrial fibrillation. The mechanisms underlying this association are not yet understood. ...