Development and application of polymer inclusion beads (PIBs) for the recovery of Zn(II) from simulated industrial waste electroplating solutions
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2025-12-22
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Separation and Purification Technology
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Elsevier BV
Melbourne Authors
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School of Chemistry
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Journal Article
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Hidalgo, L. A., Croft, C. F., Nagul, E. A., Almeida, M. I. G. S., Mihaylov, L., Spassov, T. G. & Kolev, S. D. (2025). Development and application of polymer inclusion beads (PIBs) for the recovery of Zn(II) from simulated industrial waste electroplating solutions. Separation and Purification Technology, 378, pp.134581-134581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134581.
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Abstract
The recovery of Zn(II) from industrial wastewaters is advantageous by reducing the metal discharges into the environment and promoting resource recycling. The present study reports a promising approach for recovering Zn(II) from acidic wastewater (e.g., electroplating waste solutions) using polymer inclusion beads (PIBs) larger than 500 µm in diameter which makes them suitable for industrial applications. Uniform spherical PIBs with a smooth surface and an average diameter of 620 ± 5 µm which contained 30:70 mass ratio of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were fabricated using a microfluidic method, optimised in the present study. These PIBs extracted readily Zn(II) from feed solutions, at pH 3.0 which was completely back-extracted into 1.0 M HCl or 1.0 M H2SO4 receiving solutions. The PIBs were reusable for at least seven complete extraction/back-extraction cycles and exhibited high selectivity for Zn(II) over Cu(II) and Ni(II) when applied to the separation of Zn(II) from simulated waste electroplating solutions thus indicating their suitability for practical applications. The PIBs were also characterised by optical and scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.