Defective Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immune Responses in an Immunocompromised Individual with Prolonged Viral Replication
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2021-09-01
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Open Forum Infectious Diseases
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OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
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Microbiology and Immunology
Doherty Institute
Infectious Diseases
Doherty Institute
Infectious Diseases
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Journal Article
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Gordon, C. L., Smibert, O. C., Holmes, N. E., Chua, K. Y. L., Rose, M., Drewett, G., James, F., Mouhtouris, E., Nguyen, T. H. O., Zhang, W., Kedzierski, L., Rowntree, L. C., Chua, B. Y., Caly, L., Catton, M. G., Druce, J., Sait, M., Seemann, T., Sherry, N. L. ,... Trubiano, J. A. (2021). Defective Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immune Responses in an Immunocompromised Individual with Prolonged Viral Replication. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 8 (9), https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab359.
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Abstract
We describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific immune responses in a patient with lymphoma and recent programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy with late onset of severe coronavirus disease 2019 disease and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 replication, in comparison to age-matched and immunocompromised controls. High levels of HLA-DR+/CD38+ activation, interleukin 6, and interleukin 18 in the absence of B cells and PD-1 expression was observed. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were absent and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were minimally detected. This case highlights challenges in managing immunocompromised hosts who may fail to mount effective virus-specific immune responses.